Waste Management Practices in Pakistani Cities: A Case Study of Karachi and Lahore

Abstract

This study examines the waste management practices in Pakistan's two largest metropolitan centers: Karachi and Lahore. Using quantitative data collected from municipal records, environmental monitoring reports, and structured surveys of 450 households across both cities, this research analyzes the current waste generation patterns, collection infrastructure, disposal methods, and recycling initiatives. Findings reveal significant disparities in waste management efficiency between the two cities, with Lahore demonstrating higher collection rates (67% versus 48% in Karachi) but both cities struggling with final disposal practices. The research identifies critical gaps in the waste management systems, including inadequate segregation at source (practiced by only 12% of households), limited recycling infrastructure (capturing less than 10% of recyclable waste), and poor integration of the informal waste sector. The study concludes with recommendations for policy reforms, infrastructure development, and community engagement strategies to improve sustainable waste management practices in Pakistani urban centers.

Keywords: municipal solid waste, urban waste management, waste collection efficiency, recycling rates, waste-to-energy, informal waste sector, environmental policy, urban sustainability